Which of the following is considered willful desertion?

Willful desertion is defined as a deliberate abandonment of a spouse without communication or justification. It involves one partner leaving the other in a manner that lacks any intention of reconciliation or addressing the relationship's issues. In this context, leaving a spouse without communication clearly reflects this abandonment and the intentional choice to sever ties.

The other options, while they may represent disharmony or issues within a relationship, do not encapsulate the essence of willful desertion. Neglecting household responsibilities can be a form of emotional neglect or irresponsibility but does not equate to physically leaving a spouse without notice. Frequent arguments and occasional disagreements might indicate underlying issues in the marriage, but they involve ongoing interaction and do not signify abandonment. Hence, the choice focusing on leaving without communication stands out as the precise definition of willful desertion.