What phenomenon began with the coronation of Charlemagne in 800 AD?

The coronation of Charlemagne in 800 AD marked a significant moment in the history of Europe as it symbolized the formal alignment of the church and state, specifically the authority of the Papacy and the power of the Frankish monarchy. By being crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III, Charlemagne was not only recognized as a ruler by religious authority but also signified the church’s role in legitimizing political power. This event laid the foundation for what would become the Holy Roman Empire and established a precedent for future monarchs who sought the blessing of the church to validate their reign.

This realignment prompted a series of developments in which church leadership and secular governance increasingly influenced one another, leading to ongoing interactions between ecclesiastical and political powers throughout the Middle Ages. The relationship established by Charlemagne's coronation had long-lasting implications for European history, including the intertwining of governance and religious authority, which would shape the political landscape for centuries.

The other options, while significant in their own rights, do not directly connect to this particular event in the same way. For instance, the rise of monasticism, the Great Schism, and the establishment of universities occurred in different contexts and timeframes, with distinct causes and effects that do not