What is the essence of substitutionary atonement as stated in 2 Corinthians 5:21?

The essence of substitutionary atonement, as highlighted in 2 Corinthians 5:21, centers on the idea that Jesus took on the sins of humanity in order to provide righteousness to believers. This verse states, "For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God." This underscores the concept of substitution: Jesus, who was sinless, became sin on our behalf, allowing for a transformation whereby we can receive righteousness through faith in him.

The focus is on the exchange that occurs; Jesus' identification with sin leads to our justification and reconciliation with God. This illustrates the depth of God's love and justice, as it establishes that our relationship with Him is restored not through our own merit, but through the sacrificial act of Jesus.