What does the term "atonement" mainly refer to in theology?

The term "atonement" in theology primarily refers to the concept of reconciliation between God and humanity. Atonement encompasses the belief that through certain acts, particularly the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ, the estrangement caused by sin is resolved, allowing for a restored relationship between God and humankind. This notion is fundamental in Christian doctrines, emphasizing that Jesus' sacrifice serves as a means to bridge the gap that existed due to humanity's sinfulness, thus offering a pathway for redemption and forgiveness.

The other options represent important theological concepts but do not encapsulate the essence of atonement. For instance, the judgment of the wicked pertains to divine justice and the consequence of sin; God's will being done speaks to the execution of divine purpose in the world; and faith leading to salvation, while an integral part of the broader Christian experience, focuses more on the human response rather than the act of reconciliation itself that atonement signifies. Thus, the definition of atonement as reconciliation accurately reflects its theological significance.