How were believers under the Old Covenant justified?

Believers under the Old Covenant were justified through faith in promises that pointed to Christ, as indicated in option B. Throughout the Old Testament, there is a consistent theme of faith in God's promises, which ultimately culminate in the person and work of Jesus Christ. This faith was not merely in a set of rituals or laws, but rather in the assurance that God would fulfill His covenant promises.

The Old Testament figures, such as Abraham, are highlighted as examples of faith, where God credited righteousness to them based on their belief in His promises. This concept is further expounded upon in the New Testament, where the Apostle Paul emphasizes that it is faith that justifies, rather than the works of the law.

By understanding that justification comes from faith in God's promises, it becomes clear that the essence of salvation has always pointed toward Christ, even before His earthly manifestation. Thus, the integrity of spiritual connection and righteousness was firmly rooted in trust and belief in God's overarching plan for redemption.