According to Ecclesiastes, what is the "whole duty of man"?

The phrase "the whole duty of man" in Ecclesiastes refers specifically to the importance of fearing God and keeping His commandments. This encapsulates the essence of humanity's relationship with the divine and serves as a guiding principle for moral and ethical living. In the context of Ecclesiastes, the author reflects on the fleeting nature of life, asserting that true fulfillment and purpose come from adhering to God’s instructions and living in accordance with His will.

By emphasizing the fear of God and obedience to His commandments, this answer aligns with the overarching themes found throughout the book, which often highlight the contrast between the temporary pleasures of life and the enduring significance of a faithful relationship with God. It underscores that human existence is ultimately about honoring God rather than pursuing materialism or personal indulgence, which are central to the other options.